Question in
Is China democratic? Ist China demokratisch?

China is ruled by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and follows a one-party system in which political power and decisions are controlled by the party. China has some elements of elections at the local level, but the country's political leadership and major policy decisions are made by the CCP, with no real competition or pluralistic democracy.

Some might argue that China has certain aspects of a democratic structure, such as people's congresses and local elections. However, political power is highly centralized and the party has significant control over political institutions, media and the legal system. This is at odds with what is considered democratic in most Western countries. Ultimately, China is generally not considered a democratic nation in the Western sense.
China wird von der Kommunistischen Partei Chinas (KPCh) regiert und verfolgt ein Einparteiensystem, in dem politische Macht und Entscheidungen von der Partei kontrolliert werden. China hat einige Elemente von Wahlen auf lokaler Ebene, aber die politische Führung des Landes und wichtige politische Entscheidungen werden von der KPCh getroffen, ohne dass echter Wettbewerb oder pluralistische Demokratie existiert.

Einige könnten argumentieren, dass China bestimmte Aspekte einer demokratischen Struktur hat, wie beispielsweise Volkskongresse und Wahlen auf lokaler Ebene. Jedoch ist die politische Macht stark zentralisiert und die Partei hat eine bedeutende Kontrolle über politische Institutionen, Medien und das Rechtssystem. Dies steht im Widerspruch zu dem, was in den meisten westlichen Ländern als demokratisch angesehen wird. Letztendlich wird China im Allgemeinen nicht als eine demokratische Nation im westlichen Sinne betrachtet.
China is **formally** an **autocratic one-party system** based on the **leadership of the Communist Party (CCP)**. Although there is “consultation and cooperation” with the so-called “Eight Democratic Parties and Groups”, the political leadership of the People's Republic of China lies **only with the CCP**. Unlike in Western countries, where there are two-party or multi-party systems, China is an **authoritarian** system.

The **Chairman of the Communist Party**, currently **Xi Jinping**, is considered the “paramount leader” or “supreme leader” of the state. He is **not subject to direct or indirect democratic popular election**. In the **Democracy Index 2019**, the People's Republic of China ranks 153rd out of 167 countries**, making it one of the **authoritarian state systems**¹. In China, there are no democratic elections in the Western sense, and political power is firmly in the hands of the Communist Party.

Source: Conversation with Bing, 22.4.2024
(1) Political system of the People's Republic of China - Wikipedia. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politisches_System_der_Volksrepublik_China.
(2) Political system of the People's Republic of China - Wikiwand. https://bing.com/search?q=Ist+China+democratic%3f.
(3) Political System of the People's Republic of China - Wikiwand. https://www.wikiwand.com/de/Politisches_System_der_Volksrepublik_China.
(4) China's Political System: The Rule of the CCP. https://www.lpb-bw.de/china-politisches-system.
(5) What is democratic about China? - 20 minutes. https://www.20min.ch/story/was-soll-an-china-demokratisch-sein-558861066223.
China ist **formell** ein **autokratisches Einparteiensystem**, das auf dem **Führungsanspruch der Kommunistischen Partei (KPCh)** basiert. Obwohl es eine "Beratung und Zusammenarbeit" mit den sogenannten "Acht demokratischen Parteien und Gruppen" gibt, liegt die politische Führung der Volksrepublik China **allein bei der KPCh**. Anders als in westlichen Ländern, wo es Zweiparteien- oder Mehrparteiensysteme gibt, ist China ein **autoritäres** System.

Der **Vorsitzende der Kommunistischen Partei**, derzeit **Xi Jinping**, gilt als "Überragender Führer" bzw. "Oberster Führer" des Staates. Er muss sich **keiner direkten oder indirekten demokratischen Volkswahl stellen**. Die Volksrepublik China belegt im **Demokratieindex 2019** den **Platz 153 von 167 Ländern**, was es zu einem der **autoritären Staatssysteme** zählt¹. In China gibt es also keine demokratischen Wahlen im westlichen Sinne, und die politische Macht liegt fest in den Händen der Kommunistischen Partei.

Quelle: Unterhaltung mit Bing, 22.4.2024
(1) Politisches System der Volksrepublik China – Wikipedia. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politisches_System_der_Volksrepublik_China.
(2) Politisches System der Volksrepublik China - Wikiwand. https://bing.com/search?q=Ist+China+demokratisch%3f.
(3) Politisches System der Volksrepublik China - Wikiwand. https://www.wikiwand.com/de/Politisches_System_der_Volksrepublik_China.
(4) Chinas Politisches System: Die Herrschaft der KPCh. https://www.lpb-bw.de/china-politisches-system.
(5) Was soll an China demokratisch sein? - 20 Minuten. https://www.20min.ch/story/was-soll-an-china-demokratisch-sein-558861066223.
**The People's Republic of China is not considered a democratic country.

While there are some features of a democracy, such as elections and people's congresses, these are heavily controlled by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP):
* **One-party system:** The CCP has sole power and there are no free and fair elections with multiple competing parties.
** **Limited freedom of expression and assembly:** Opinions critical of the government are suppressed and censorship is widespread. Assemblies and protests without government authorization are illegal.
* Restrictions on human rights:** Human rights organizations report human rights violations such as arbitrary arrests, detention without trial and torture.
* Surveillance and control:** The government extensively monitors citizens' communications and activities.

While China has experienced economic prosperity in recent decades, its political system is at odds with the core principles of a democracy.

**Conclusion:**
Although China has elements of a democracy, it cannot be described as democratic due to its authoritarian one-party system, restrictions on freedom of expression and assembly and human rights violations.

**Further information:**
* [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksrepublik_China](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksrepublik_China)
* [https://www.bpb.de/themen/asien/china/44269/politik/](https://www.bpb.de/themen/asien/china/44269/politik/)
* [https://www.hanisauland.de/](https://www.hanisauland.de/)
**Die Volksrepublik China gilt nicht als demokratisches Land.**

Es gibt zwar einige Merkmale einer Demokratie, wie Wahlen und Volkskongresse, diese sind aber stark durch die Kommunistische Partei Chinas (KPCh) kontrolliert:

* **Einparteiensystem:** Die KPCh hat die alleinige Macht und es gibt keine freien und fairen Wahlen mit mehreren konkurrierenden Parteien.
* **Begrenzte Meinungs- und Versammlungsfreiheit:** Kritische Meinungen gegenüber der Regierung werden unterdrückt und Zensur ist weit verbreitet. Versammlungen und Proteste ohne Genehmigung der Regierung sind illegal.
* **Einschränkung der Menschenrechte:** Menschenrechtsorganisationen berichten von Menschenrechtsverletzungen wie willkürlichen Festnahmen, Inhaftierungen ohne Gerichtsverfahren und Folter.
* **Überwachung und Kontrolle:** Die Regierung überwacht die Kommunikation und Aktivitäten der Bürger umfassend.

Während China in den letzten Jahrzehnten wirtschaftlichen Aufschwung erlebt hat, steht sein politisches System im Widerspruch zu den Kernprinzipien einer Demokratie.

**Fazit:**

Obwohl China Elemente einer Demokratie aufweist, ist es aufgrund des autoritären Einparteiensystems, der Einschränkung der Meinungs- und Versammlungsfreiheit sowie der Menschenrechtsverletzungen nicht als demokratisch zu bezeichnen.

**Weitere Informationen:**

* [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksrepublik_China](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volksrepublik_China)
* [https://www.bpb.de/themen/asien/china/44269/politik/](https://www.bpb.de/themen/asien/china/44269/politik/)
* [https://www.hanisauland.de/](https://www.hanisauland.de/)
Is China democratic?

China is not considered a democratic country in the traditional sense. The political system in China is characterized by a single-party system led by the Communist Party of China (CPC), which holds a monopoly on political power. The CPC exercises control over the government, military, and most aspects of society.

While China does have some elements of governance that involve public participation, such as elections at the local level, these processes are tightly controlled by the CPC, and opposition parties are not allowed. The leadership of the country is determined through a complex process within the CPC rather than through free and fair elections.

Overall, China's political system is often described as authoritarian rather than democratic, with power concentrated in the hands of the ruling party and limited political freedoms for its citizens.
**China** is not a liberal or representative democracy. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Chinese government describe China's system of government as a **socialist democracy** and a **people's democratic dictatorship**. Under Xi Jinping, China is also termed a **whole-process people's democracy**¹. However, many foreign and some domestic observers categorize China as an **authoritarian one-party state**, with some even characterizing it as a **dictatorship**¹. The Chinese constitution refers to its form of government as a **"people's democratic dictatorship"** and states that it is governed by the CCP, which holds a total monopoly of political power. Political opposition is illegal, and freedom of speech and assembly are severely restricted by the government¹. In summary, while China has its own unique political system, it does not fit the traditional mold of a liberal democracy².

Source: Conversation with Bing, 22.4.2024
(1) Democracy in China - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy_in_China.
(2) Politics of China - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_China.
(3) China - IDEA. https://www.idea.int/democracytracker/country/china.
(4) Is China a Democracy or a Dictatorship? - Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/video/china-democracy-or-dictatorship.
Whether or not China is a democracy depends on your definition of democracy.

* **China's view:** China describes itself as a socialist democracy and a people's democratic dictatorship. They emphasize a different form of democracy than a western democracy. [Wikipedia: Democracy in China]
* **Western view:** By the standards of liberal or representative democracies, China is not considered a democracy. There is no freely competitive political process, and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) controls the government. [Wikipedia: Democracy in China]

Here are some resources to learn more about democracy in China:

* Wikipedia: Democracy in China [Wikipedia: Democracy in China]
* Why China Will Become a Democracy (Hoover Institution) [Hoover Institution: Why China Will Become a Democracy]
Is China democratic? Китай - демократическая страна?

No, China is not a democracy in the sense that it is governed by the principles of democracy as in Western countries. China is an authoritarian state with a one-party system that precludes political competition. Power in the country is concentrated in the hands of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), and the government strictly controls the political, economic, and social spheres of citizens' lives.

Although China has elements of popular participation in decision-making through various consultative bodies and local elections, these processes are often limited and can be manipulated by the CCP. Freedoms of speech, assembly, and political activity are limited, and the Chinese government is often criticized for human rights violations and restrictions on political freedoms.
Нет, Китай не является демократической страной в смысле того, что управление в нем осуществляется на основе принципов демократии, как в Западных странах. Китай - авторитарное государство, где однопартийная система исключает политическую конкуренцию. Власть в стране сосредоточена в руках Коммунистической партии Китая (КПК), и правительство строго контролирует политическую, экономическую и социальную сферы жизни граждан.

Хотя в Китае есть элементы участия населения в принятии решений через различные консультативные органы и выборы на местном уровне, эти процессы часто ограничены и могут быть манипулированы КПК. Свобода слова, собраний и политической деятельности ограничена, и правительство Китая часто подвергается критике за нарушения прав человека и ограничения политических свобод.
China is the **People's Republic of China** (abbreviated **PRC**). Officially, it is a **socialist state**¹. However, in fact, China functions as an **authoritarian dictatorship**¹. Here are some key aspects:

- **Political System**: China has a **single-party** form of government, where the **Communist Party of China (CPC)** is the only legal party. The CPC chairman, **Si Jinping**, plays an important role in governing the country¹.
- **Economy**: China is the world's second largest economy by **nominal GDP** and the first by **GDP (PPP)**. It is also the world's largest exporter and has the largest foreign exchange reserves¹.
- **Level of urbanization**: Approximately **65%** of the population lives in urban areas¹.
- **Nuclear Weapons**: China possesses nuclear weapons and has the world's largest army in terms of troops¹.

Quelle: Unterhaltung mit Bing, 22.4.2024
(1) China - Wikipedia. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9.
(2) Democracy Index - Wikipedia. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8.
(3) Democracy with historical roots. How the Chinese run their country .... https://ria.ru/20211209/istoriya-1762944909.html.
Китай — это **Китайская Народная Республика** (сокращенно **КНР**). Официально она является **социалистическим государством**¹. Однако, фактически, Китай функционирует как **авторитарная диктатура**¹. Вот некоторые ключевые аспекты:

- **Политическая система**: Китай имеет **однопартийную** форму правления, где **Коммунистическая партия Китая (КПК)** является единственной легальной партией. Председатель КПК, **Си Цзиньпин**, играет важную роль в управлении страной¹.
- **Экономика**: Китай — вторая экономика мира по **номинальному ВВП** и первая по **ВВП (ППС)**. Он также является крупнейшим мировым экспортёром и имеет наибольшие золотовалютные резервы¹.
- **Уровень урбанизации**: Примерно **65%** населения живет в городах¹.
- **Ядерное оружие**: Китай обладает ядерным оружием и имеет крупнейшую в мире армию по численности военнослужащих¹.

Quelle: Unterhaltung mit Bing, 22.4.2024
(1) Китай — Википедия. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9.
(2) Индекс демократии — Википедия. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8.
(3) Демократия с историческими корнями. Как китайцы управляют своей страной .... https://ria.ru/20211209/istoriya-1762944909.html.
**There is no clear answer to the question of whether China is a democracy.
On the one hand, China does have **some elements of democracy**:
* **Multilevel elections:**Chinese citizens elect local representatives to the People's Congresses.
* **Meeting system:** Mechanisms exist for citizens to participate in the discussion of public issues.
* **Economic Reforms:** China has made significant progress in market economy and improving living standards.

On the other hand, **China lacks key characteristics of democracy**:
* **Single-party system:** The Communist Party of China (CPC) is the only legal party in the country and controls all aspects of state power.
* **Limitations on freedom of speech and assembly:** The Chinese government restricts freedom of speech, press, and assembly.
* **Lack of an independent judiciary:** China's judicial system is under the control of the CCP.

**The Chinese government** defines the country's political system as “**socialist democracy with Chinese characteristics**”. This means that the Chinese model of democracy differs from Western models in that it emphasizes **collective decision-making** and **economic development** over **individual freedoms**.

**It is important to note that the issue of democracy in China is a hotly debated issue.**
* **Supporters of the Chinese government** argue that the Chinese model of democracy is more effective than Western models and that it has allowed China to make significant economic and social gains.
* **Critics of the Chinese government** argue that the Chinese system is not democratic because it does not provide citizens with meaningful opportunities to participate in the governance of the country.

**Finally, the question of whether China is a democracy is one that everyone must decide for themselves.

**For a more in-depth study of the issue, I recommend reading the following resources:**

* **On Democracy in China:** [https://www.svoboda.org/a/kantsler-frg-prizval-knr-povliyatj-na-moskvu-dlya-zaversheniya-voyny-v-ukraine-/32115438.html](https://www.svoboda.org/a/kantsler-frg-prizval-knr-povliyatj-na-moskvu-dlya-zaversheniya-voyny-v-ukraine-/32115438.html)
* ** **What makes the Chinese model of democracy unique to the world:** [https://rg.ru/2022/10/18/kitaj-unikalnaia-model-demokratii-dlia-mira.html](https://rg.ru/2022/10/18/kitaj-unikalnaia-model-demokratii-dlia-mira.html)
* **How the Chinese run their country:** [https://ria.ru/20230117/kitay-1845343056.html](https://ria.ru/20230117/kitay-1845343056.html)
* **Демократическая партия Китая:** [https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F)
**Однозначного ответа на вопрос, является ли Китай демократической страной, не существует.**

С одной стороны, в Китае присутствуют **некоторые элементы демократии**:

* **Многоуровневые выборы:** Граждане Китая избирают местных представителей в Народные конгрессы.
* **Система совещаний:** Существуют механизмы для участия граждан в обсуждении государственных вопросов.
* **Экономические реформы:** Китай добился значительных успехов в области рыночной экономики и повышения уровня жизни.

С другой стороны, **в Китае отсутствуют ключевые характеристики демократии**:

* **Однопартийная система:** Коммунистическая партия Китая (КПК) является единственной легальной партией в стране и контролирует все аспекты государственной власти.
* **Ограничения свободы слова и собраний:** Правительство Китая ограничивает свободу слова, прессы и собраний.
* **Отсутствие независимой судебной системы:** Судебная система Китая находится под контролем КПК.

**Китайское правительство** определяет политическую систему страны как "**социалистическую демократию с китайской спецификой**". Это означает, что Китайская модель демократии отличается от западных моделей тем, что она делает акцент на **коллективном принятии решений** и **экономическом развитии** перед **индивидуальными свободами**.

**Важно отметить, что вопрос о демократии в Китае является предметом острых дискуссий.**

* **Сторонники правительства Китая** утверждают, что китайская модель демократии более эффективна, чем западные модели, и что она позволила Китаю добиться значительных экономических и социальных успехов.
* **Критики правительства Китая** утверждают, что китайская система не является демократической, так как она не обеспечивает гражданам реальных возможностей для участия в управлении страной.

**В конечном итоге, вопрос о том, является ли Китай демократической страной, каждый должен решить для себя.**

**Для более глубокого изучения вопроса я рекомендую ознакомиться с следующими ресурсами:**

* **О демократии в Китае:** [https://www.svoboda.org/a/kantsler-frg-prizval-knr-povliyatj-na-moskvu-dlya-zaversheniya-voyny-v-ukraine-/32115438.html](https://www.svoboda.org/a/kantsler-frg-prizval-knr-povliyatj-na-moskvu-dlya-zaversheniya-voyny-v-ukraine-/32115438.html)
* **Чем уникальна китайская модель демократии для мира:** [https://rg.ru/2022/10/18/kitaj-unikalnaia-model-demokratii-dlia-mira.html](https://rg.ru/2022/10/18/kitaj-unikalnaia-model-demokratii-dlia-mira.html)
* **Как китайцы управляют своей страной:** [https://ria.ru/20230117/kitay-1845343056.html](https://ria.ru/20230117/kitay-1845343056.html)
* **Демократическая партия Китая:** [https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F](https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F)